More commonly longitudinal fracture of petrous bone and fracture of temporal bone can cause facial nerve compression. Often occurs before the age of 18 and associated with recurring facial palsy and edema of the face. This is also known as a Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. Herpes zoster oticus Ĭaused by a viral infection and often associated with herpetic eruption of the meatus and cavum conchae. Reason for the facial nerve compression is not known that's why also known as idiopathic Bell's palsy. Facial nerve compression is often due to edema (swelling) of the nerve and marked vascular congestion. This is a partial weakness or complete paralysis of the muscles of facial expression. There are several specific causes of facial nerve compression, discussed below. Neurotmesis: this type of injury involves the endoneurium with wallerian degeneration.Axonotmesis: wallerian degeneration and necrosis of the distal segment (death of the part of the nerve after the compression).Neuropraxia: no wallerian degeneration and complete and rapid recovery of function.The type of injury also gives an idea about the prognosis. There are three main patterns of facial nerve compression. Early surgical intervention tends to be carried out because after three to four months, fibrosis (replacement with fibrous tissue) occurs in a significant portion of nerve fibers, and after that decompression is not of much value. anesthesia - numbness, or paresthesia - tingling) and motor deficits. containing both sensory and motor nerve fibres) and therefore compression can create sensory (e.g. There may also be demyelination (loss of the nerve's myelin sheath) and degeneration of the nerve in the affected area but it does not effect axons beyond this site. That is, the nerve is no longer able to send electrochemical impulses, and hence does not send signals to the brain or from the brain to muscles. Pressure and compression of any cause on a peripheral nerve can cause nerve impulse block.
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